Frameworks are platforms for building software applications that include programs, code libraries, and compilers which, when brought together, enable the development of a project or system. These frameworks make components reusable and streamline the development process. The major frameworks used in backend development include Express.js, Django, Ruby on Rails, Spring, and Laravel.
Django is a high-level Python web framework that encourages rapid development and clean, pragmatic design. Created by the Django Software Foundation, it was released in 2005. Django includes a lot of built-in features such as an ORM (Object-Relational Mapping), authentication, and an admin panel, which makes it suitable for developing complex and secure web applications.
Spring is a powerful, feature-rich framework for building enterprise-level applications in Java. Developed by Pivotal Software, it was released in 2003. Spring provides comprehensive infrastructure support for developing Java applications, including a wide range of features such as dependency injection, transaction management, and security.